Autonomous haul trucks depend on centimeter-accurate GNSS positioning — but mine environments routinely degrade that signal. This article explores how INS-based sensor fusion and open, interoperable positioning architecture keep fleets moving.

In underground mining, the lack of GPS forces vehicle positioning to rely on estimation, not precision. Wheel slip of 2-10% causes drift errors that accumulate—up to 100 meters per kilometer—compromising ore grade control and production reconciliation. Advanced Navigation explores how laser velocity sensors overcome mechanical measurement limits by optically measuring velocity independent of wheel traction, enabling infrastructure-free navigation with sub-meter accuracy.